Rate changes |
- Never; Fully fixed for entire term
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- Never; Fully fixed for entire term
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- Usually after fixed period of 3, 5, 7 or 10 years
- After that, annual change typical
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- Fully variable
- Typically changing at one-year intervals
- Some have shorter change intervals
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- Never; Fully fixed for entire term
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Benefits |
- Low, stable payment
- Usually easiest qualification
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- Stable payments
- Builds equity faster
- Lower total interest costs than 30-year term
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- Lower rates than fully fixed-rate mortgage
- Can sometimes borrow larger loan amount for same income
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- Can have lowest interest rates
- Qualification may not depend upon today's interest rate
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- Often has lower interest rate/monthly payment over balloon period than fixed rate
- Similar to hybrid ARM
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Drawbacks/Risks |
- Can have highest total interest cost over time
- User may "buy" more rate stability than actually needed, increasing cost
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- Requires higher income to qualify
- Less affordable monthly payment
- Funds commited to payment cannot be used elsewhere
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- Stable payment for a number of years, then unpredictable
- Rates can jump by as much as 6 percentage points at first adjustment
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- Payments fluctuate at each rate change
- Unpredictable, rates can change as much as 2 percentage points at each adjustment
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- Loan fully due and payable when balloon period ends
- Must be paid off or refinanced in unknown market conditions
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Alternative strategy |
- Consider Hybrid ARM with appropriate fixed period
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- Consider 30-year term and prepaying loan to preserve cash-flow flexibility
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- Consider Fixed rate mortgage or longest possible fixed period, if loan hold period not
known
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- Consider Hybrid ARM to ameliorate rate and payment risks for a given period
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- Consider Hybrid ARM to ensure continued loan availability
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These may be useful for... |
- Purchasing a home
- First-time homebuyers
- Refinancing to improve cash flow/lower payment
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- Refinancing to lower total interest cost
- Retiring mortgage more quickly
- Building or rebuilding equity more quickly
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- Purchasing or refinancing when time horizon is seven years or shorter, and where
borrower can handle increase in monthly payments
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- Purchasing or refinancing when interest rates are near top of cycle, and are likely to
fall, or sale or refinance is anticipated within three years
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- Purchasing or refinancing when time horizon is three years or longer and home will be
sold prior to end of balloon period
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Consider if |
- Buying or refinancing a home and planning on owning for longer than 10 years
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- Buying second home
- Refinancing to build equity
- Paying off mortgage before life event (retirement, etc)
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- Buying a home and expect to move before fixed period ends, or know income will rise to
offset payment risk, even in worst-case scenario
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- Buying or refinancing when income can handle frequent payment changes and worst-case
scenario for rates over a four-year period
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- Buying a home and expect to move before balloon period ends, or have resources to pay
off mortgage if refinance not available
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When shopping, ask about |
- "Full cost" vs. "No cost" refinances, prepaying loan to shorten term if desired
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- If 20-year term makes payment too high, whether 25-year term is available
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- Interest rate caps, for first and subsequent adjustments, worst-case scenario
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- A history of the Index the loan is keyed off, margin and caps
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- Whether or not there is any built-in refinancing option when the balloon period ends
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Useful tools & resources |
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